Sheng Guo, Z
(2011)
The impact of hypoxia on oncolytic virotherapy.
Virus Adaptation and Treatment, 3 (1).
71 - 82.
Abstract
The hypoxic tumor microenvironment plays significant roles in tumor cell metabolism and survival, tumor growth, and progression. Hypoxia modulates target genes in target cells mainly through an oxygen-sensing signaling pathway mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor of transcription factors. As a result, hypoxic tumor cells are resistant to conventional therapeutics such as radiation and chemotherapy. Oncolytic virotherapy may be a promising novel therapeutic for hypoxic cancer. Some oncolytic viruses are better adapted than others to the hypoxic tumor environment. Replication of adenoviruses from both groups B and C is inhibited, yet replication of herpes simplex virus is enhanced. Hypoxia seems to exert little or no effect on the replication of other oncolytic viruses. Vaccinia virus displayed increased cytotoxicity in some hypoxic cancer cells even though viral protein synthesis and transgene expression were not affected. Vesicular stomatitis virus replicated to similar levels in both hypoxic and normoxic conditions, and is effective for killing hypoxic cancer cells. However, vesicular stomatitis virus and reovirus, but not encephalomyocarditis virus, are sensitive to elevated levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in renal cancer cells with the loss of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein, because elevated hypoxia-inducible factor activity confers dramatically enhanced resistance to cytotoxicity mediated by vesicular stomatitis virus or reovirus. A variety of hypoxia-selective and tumor-type-specific oncolytic adenoviruses, generated by incorporating hypoxia-responsive elements into synthetic promoters to control essential genes for viral replication or therapeutic genes, have been shown to be safe and efficacious. Hypoxic tumor-homing macrophages can function effectively as carrier cells to deliver an oncolytic adenovirus to the hypoxic/necrotic areas of the tumor. It is envisioned that further improved oncolytic viruses will be highly effective against hypoxic tumor, especially when combined with other therapeutic regimens such as immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. © 2011 Guo.
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| Item Type: |
Article
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| Status: |
Published |
| Creators/Authors: |
| Creators | Email | Pitt Username | ORCID  |
|---|
| Sheng Guo, Z | | | |
|
| Date: |
1 December 2011 |
| Date Type: |
Publication |
| Journal or Publication Title: |
Virus Adaptation and Treatment |
| Volume: |
3 |
| Number: |
1 |
| Page Range: |
71 - 82 |
| Schools and Programs: |
School of Medicine > Medicine |
| Refereed: |
Yes |
| Article Type: |
Review |
| Date Deposited: |
03 Dec 2012 22:06 |
| Last Modified: |
02 Feb 2019 14:55 |
| URI: |
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/16741 |
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