Vaccination deep into a pandemic wave: Potential mechanisms for a "third wave" and the impact of vaccination

Lee, BY and Brown, ST and Cooley, P and Grefenstette, JJ and Zimmerman, RK and Zimmer, SM and Potter, MA and Rosenfeld, R and Wheaton, WD and Wiringa, AE and Bacon, KM and Burke, DS (2010) Vaccination deep into a pandemic wave: Potential mechanisms for a "third wave" and the impact of vaccination. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 39 (5). ISSN 0749-3797

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Abstract

Background In December 2009, when the H1N1 influenza pandemic appeared to be subsiding, public health officials and unvaccinated individuals faced the question of whether continued H1N1 immunization was still worthwhile. Purpose To delineate what combinations of possible mechanisms could generate a third pandemic wave and then explore whether vaccinating the population at different rates and times would mitigate the wave. Methods As part of ongoing work with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response at the USDHHS during the H1N1 influenza pandemic, the University of Pittsburgh Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study team employed an agent-based computer simulation model of the Washington DC metropolitan region to delineate what mechanisms could generate a "third pandemic wave" and explored whether vaccinating the population at different rates and times would mitigate the wave. This model included explicit representations of the region's individuals, school systems, workplaces/commutes, households, and communities. Results Three mechanisms were identified that could cause a third pandemic wave; substantially increased viral transmissibility from seasonal forcing (changing influenza transmission with changing environmental conditions, i.e., seasons) and progressive viral adaptation; an immune escape variant; and changes in social mixing from holiday school closures. Implementing vaccination for these mechanisms, even during the down-slope of the fall epidemic wave, significantly mitigated the third wave. Scenarios showed the gains from initiating vaccination earlier, increasing the speed of vaccination, and prioritizing population subgroups based on Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations. Conclusions Additional waves in an epidemic can be mitigated by vaccination even when an epidemic appears to be waning. © 2010 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.

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Details

Item Type:	Article
Status:	Published
Creators/Authors:	Creators Email Pitt Username ORCID Lee, BY byl1@pitt.edu BYL1 Brown, ST Cooley, P Grefenstette, JJ gref@pitt.edu GREF Zimmerman, RK zimmer@pitt.edu ZIMMER Zimmer, SM zimmersm@pitt.edu ZIMMERSM Potter, MA MAPOTTER@pitt.edu MAPOTTER Rosenfeld, R Wheaton, WD Wiringa, AE aew29@pitt.edu AEW29 Bacon, KM Burke, DS donburke@pitt.edu DONBURKE
Centers:	Other Centers, Institutes, Offices, or Units > Center for Vaccine Research
Date:	1 November 2010
Date Type:	Publication
Journal or Publication Title:	American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume:	39
Number:	5
DOI or Unique Handle:	10.1016/j.amepre.2010.07.014
Schools and Programs:	Graduate School of Public Health > Biostatistics Graduate School of Public Health > Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health > Health Policy & Management School of Medicine > Biomedical Informatics School of Medicine > Family Medicine School of Medicine > Medicine
Refereed:	Yes
ISSN:	0749-3797
Date Deposited:	07 May 2015 19:45
Last Modified:	02 Feb 2019 16:57
URI:	http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/24391

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