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Timing matters: Using optogenetics to chronically manipulate neural circuitry and rhythms

Sidor, MM and McClung, CA (2014) Timing matters: Using optogenetics to chronically manipulate neural circuitry and rhythms. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8 (FEB). ISSN 1662-5153

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Abstract

The ability to probe defined neural circuits with both the spatial and temporal resolution imparted by optogenetics has transformed the field of neuroscience. Although much attention has been paid to the advantages of manipulating neural activity at millisecond timescales in order to elicit time-locked neural responses, little consideration has been given to the manipulation of circuit activity at physiologically relevant times of day, across multiple days. Nearly all biological events are governed by the circadian clock and exhibit 24 h rhythms in activity. Indeed, neural circuit activity itself exhibits a daily rhythm with distinct temporal peaks in activity occurring at specific times of the day. Therefore, experimentally probing circuit function within and across physiologically relevant time windows (minutes to hours) in behaving animals is fundamental to understanding the function of any one particular circuit within the intact brain. Furthermore, understanding how circuit function changes with repeated manipulation is important for modeling the circuit-wide disruptions that occur with chronic disease states. Here, we review recent advances in optogenetic technology that allow for chronic, temporally specific, control of circuit activity and provide examples of chronic optogenetic paradigms that have been utilized in the search for the neural circuit basis of behaviors relevant to human neuropsychiatric disease. © 2014 Sidor and McClung.


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Details

Item Type: Article
Status: Published
Creators/Authors:
CreatorsEmailPitt UsernameORCID
Sidor, MM
McClung, CAmcclungc@pitt.eduMCCLUNGC
Date: 14 February 2014
Date Type: Publication
Journal or Publication Title: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
Volume: 8
Number: FEB
DOI or Unique Handle: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00041
Schools and Programs: School of Medicine > Psychiatry
Refereed: Yes
ISSN: 1662-5153
Article Type: Review
Date Deposited: 05 May 2015 15:54
Last Modified: 26 Jan 2019 10:55
URI: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/24870

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