Mustapha, Mustapha M
(2015)
Global epidemiology of capsular group W meningococcal disease, 1970-2014: emergence and persistence of hypervirulent ST-11 lineage.
Master Essay, University of Pittsburgh.
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Abstract
Following an outbreak in Mecca Saudi Arabia in 2000, meningococcal strains expressing capsular group W (W) emerged as a major cause of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) worldwide. This essay presents a critical review of studies reporting IMD surveillance data spanning four decades and places in context the recent findings of WGS studies to the epidemiology of group W IMD. This report will be of use to Public Health experts in several countries currently facing a rise in number of W cc11 cases and persistence of sporadic group W cases. The Saudi Arabian outbreak strain (Hajj clone) belonging to the ST-11 clonal complex (cc11) is similar to W cc11 causing occasional sporadic disease before 2000. Since 2000, W cc11 has caused large meningococcal disease epidemics in the African meningitis belt and endemic disease in South America, Europe and China. Traditional molecular epidemiologic typing suggested that a majority of current W cc11 burden represented global spread of the Hajj clone. However, recent whole genome sequencing (WGS) analyses revealed significant genetic heterogeneity among global W cc11 strains. While continued spread of Hajj-related strains occurs in the Middle East, the meningitis belt and South Africa have co-circulation of the Hajj clone and other unrelated W cc11 strains and South America, the UK and France share a genetically distinct W c11 strain. Other W lineages persist in low numbers in Europe, North America and the meningitis belt. In summary, WGS is helping to unravel the complex genomic epidemiology of group W meningococcal strains. Wider application of WGS and strengthening of global IMD surveillance is necessary to monitor the continued evolution of group W lineages. There is need for a vaccine that is protective against group W in the meningitis belt. Public Health relevance: This essay presents a critical review of studies reporting IMD surveillance data spanning four decades and places in context the recent findings of WGS studies to the epidemiology of group W IMD. This report will be of use to Public Health surveillance and policy professionals in several countries currently facing a rise in number of W cc11 cases and persistence of sporadic group W cases. Data presented in this review also provides evidence in support of introduction of group W in the African meningitis belt.
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Details
Item Type: |
Other Thesis, Dissertation, or Long Paper
(Master Essay)
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Status: |
Unpublished |
Creators/Authors: |
Creators | Email | Pitt Username | ORCID ![](/images/orcid_id_24x24.png) |
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Mustapha, Mustapha M | | | |
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Contributors: |
Contribution | Contributors Name | Email | Pitt Username | ORCID ![](/images/orcid_id_24x24.png) |
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Committee Chair | Harrison, Lee H. | lharriso@edc.pitt.edu | LHARRISO | UNSPECIFIED | Committee Member | Brooks, Maria M. | mbrooks@pitt.edu | MBROOKS | UNSPECIFIED | Committee Member | Marsh, Jane W. | jmarsh@pitt.edu | JMARSH | UNSPECIFIED |
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Date: |
1 December 2015 |
Date Type: |
Submission |
Defense Date: |
12 December 2015 |
Submission Date: |
25 November 2015 |
Access Restriction: |
No restriction; Release the ETD for access worldwide immediately. |
Publisher: |
University of Pittsburgh |
Institution: |
University of Pittsburgh |
Schools and Programs: |
School of Public Health > Epidemiology |
Degree: |
MPH - Master of Public Health |
Thesis Type: |
Master Essay |
Refereed: |
Yes |
Uncontrolled Keywords: |
Neisseria, meningitidis, infectious, disease, epidemiology, disease, surveillance. |
Date Deposited: |
19 May 2016 22:06 |
Last Modified: |
31 Jul 2024 11:55 |
URI: |
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/26473 |
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