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Controlling dendritic cell function by targeting iron-modulating proteins identified through transcriptional analysis

Roessing, Anna (2018) Controlling dendritic cell function by targeting iron-modulating proteins identified through transcriptional analysis. Master's Thesis, University of Pittsburgh. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Dendritic cells (DC) are key orchestrators of the body’s immune responses. DC control T cell proliferation and differentiation while displaying cognate antigen (Ag) to Ag-specific T cells. DC cytokine secretion is central to the differentiation of T cells into distinct, functional subsets. Stimulation with bacteria-derived molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) leads to interleukin-12 (IL-12) production by DC and supports T helper type 1 (Th1) generation in interacting cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) T cells. Fungal interactions with the Dectin-1 receptor yields IL-6, IL-23, and IL-1β production by DC to mediate Th17 cell polarization. DC, especially those exposed to IL-33, support the generation of IL-5- and IL-13- secreting Th2 cells. However, there are no identified DC-produced cytokines which have been shown to directly underlie Th2 polarization.
The aim of this project was to identify novel genes and signaling pathways by which CD4+ T cell polarization is directed following DC TLR4/ST2 (IL1RL1) ligation. Our preliminary data demonstrated that IL-33 and LPS stimulate the expression of several iron-modulating proteins in DC, such as lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), hemoglobin-α, and cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (Cyb5R3), which act as a previously unappreciated DC nitric oxide (NO) sequestration system. Given these findings, we hypothesized that TLR4/ST2 ligation on DC causes expression of iron-modulating proteins which sequester NO. We found that while TLR4/ST2 receptor ligation on DC induces a NO sequestration system in DC, it involves the expression of hemoglobin-α and potentially other redundant reductase proteins, but not Cyb5R3. Instead, we determined that Cyb5R3 acts as a regulator of DC stimulatory capacity toward CD4+ T cells. Specifically, Cyb5R3 functions as a negative regulator of glycolysis. In Cyb5R3-expressing cells, unstimulated and IL-33-stimulated cells favor oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) while LPS stimulation leads a shift towards glycolysis. Finally, Cyb5R3-deficient DC are both more inflammatory and more stimulatory, producing greater amounts of IL-12 and expressing more stimulatory surface markers, ultimately leading to Th1 cell polarization of naïve T cells, especially upon DC stimulation with LPS.


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Details

Item Type: University of Pittsburgh ETD
Status: Unpublished
Creators/Authors:
CreatorsEmailPitt UsernameORCID
Roessing, Annaanr139@pitt.eduanr139
ETD Committee:
TitleMemberEmail AddressPitt UsernameORCID
Committee ChairD'Cruz, Louiseldcruz@pitt.edu
Committee MemberGottschalk, Rachelrachel.gottschalk@pitt.edu
Committee MemberMorelli, Adrianmorelli@pitt.edu
Committee MemberRomero, Guillermoggr@pitt.edu
Thesis AdvisorTurnquist, Hethhet5@pitt.edu
Date: 30 August 2018
Date Type: Publication
Defense Date: 27 April 2018
Approval Date: 30 August 2018
Submission Date: 27 July 2018
Access Restriction: No restriction; Release the ETD for access worldwide immediately.
Number of Pages: 46
Institution: University of Pittsburgh
Schools and Programs: School of Medicine > Immunology
Degree: MS - Master of Science
Thesis Type: Master's Thesis
Refereed: Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords: dendritic cells, immunology, signaling, nitric oxide, T cells, Th2, IL-33, interleukin 33, Cyb5R3
Date Deposited: 30 Aug 2018 20:48
Last Modified: 30 Aug 2018 20:48
URI: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/35005

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