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Effects of Biomechanical and Cognitive Factors on Locomotor Learning

Sombric, Carly (2019) Effects of Biomechanical and Cognitive Factors on Locomotor Learning. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

The motor system has the critical capacity to adapt actions through interactions with the world. Two processes that contribute to this capacity are 1) the recalibration of internal representations of the body and environment for predictive motor control and 2) the switching between these internal representations. My dissertation focuses on identifying factors regulating these two processes in locomotion. To this end, I used a split-belt treadmill to create novel walking environments by moving the legs at different speeds, which has been demonstrated to induce sensorimotor recalibration in locomotion. I specifically determined the impact of kinetic demands during split-belt walking on the recalibration of movements (Aim 1), the effect of sensorimotor recalibration on the estimation of limb position across different walking conditions (Aim 2), and the influence of cognitive processes on the generalization of recalibrated movements across different environments in older and younger adults (Aim 3). Results from Aim 1 indicate that the extent of motor adaptation in the novel environment, and subsequent recalibration, is strongly regulated by the specific kinetic demands imposed by the split-belt condition. This finding suggests that manipulation of kinetic demands could augment the adaptation and recalibration of post-stroke gait asymmetry. Results from Aim 2 indicate that the estimation of limb position changes after split-belt walking, regardless of the walking speeds at which it is tested. This indicates that the recalibration of internal representations for walking has an impact on the predictive control of our actions and on subjects' perception of their movements. These results suggest that sensorimotor recalibration could potentially improve patient's perception of step length asymmetry, which is often inaccurate after stroke. Lastly, results from Aim 3 indicate that cognitive processes that contribute to action selection also influence the generalization of recalibrated movements across environments in older adults. This is important because it indicates that switching between distinct internal representations of the environment might be an automated process that becomes more consciously controlled with healthy aging. In conclusion, my work advanced our understanding of locomotor adaptation and has the potential to guide gait rehabilitation strategies exploiting sensorimotor adaptation processes.


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Details

Item Type: University of Pittsburgh ETD
Status: Unpublished
Creators/Authors:
CreatorsEmailPitt UsernameORCID
Sombric, Carlycjs180@pitt.educjs1800000-0002-2230-4246
ETD Committee:
TitleMemberEmail AddressPitt UsernameORCID
Committee ChairTorres-Oviedo, Gelsygelsyto@pitt.edugelsyto0000-0003-2415-1033
Committee MemberBeschorner, Kurtbeschorn@pitt.edubeschorn0000-0002-3058-2617
Committee MemberWeber, Douglasdougweber@pitt.eduDougweber0000-0002-9782-3497
Committee MemberWeinstein, Andreaandrea.weinstein@pitt.eduandrea.weinstein
Date: 18 June 2019
Date Type: Publication
Defense Date: 28 March 2019
Approval Date: 18 June 2019
Submission Date: 1 March 2019
Access Restriction: 5 year -- Restrict access to University of Pittsburgh for a period of 5 years.
Number of Pages: 171
Institution: University of Pittsburgh
Schools and Programs: Swanson School of Engineering > Bioengineering
Degree: PhD - Doctor of Philosophy
Thesis Type: Doctoral Dissertation
Refereed: Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords: split-belt, kinetic, perception, cognition, kinematic
Additional Information: Content has been approved. I have updated the table labels and the naming of the pdf based on the last round of feedback.
Date Deposited: 18 Jun 2019 20:01
Last Modified: 18 Jun 2019 20:01
URI: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/36012

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