Dimoff, John
(2019)
It’s Different When We’re Together: The Impact of Experiencing a Peak-Provoked Cigarette Craving State with a Smoking Friend.
Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
(Unpublished)
This is the latest version of this item.
Abstract
Cigarette craving predicts relapse to smoking, which remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Understanding why individuals choose to smoke has important clinical implications and is a research priority. Ecological momentary assessment studies reveal that social factors, such as the presence of other people, affect the craving experience, yet laboratory smoking research has largely ignored these factors by testing participants in isolation. In this study, a shared reality framework aimed to broaden the set of responses related to craving, and in particular to evaluate social processes that may change when smokers experience craving while in the presence of a smoking friend compared to when smokers crave alone. Sixty pairs of smoking friends (n = 120) arrived together at the laboratory following a required a 5-hr of smoking abstinence. Participants then underwent an in vivo smoking cue-exposure craving induction either with their friend present or with the friend in the next room. Participants who were together with their smoking friend while craving experienced a greater sense of shared reality and felt closer to their friend than did those who were alone. Though social context did not influence their urge to smoke or craving-related affect, urge was associated with shared reality when participants were together, but not when they were alone. Further, for participants who were together, shared Duchenne smiles were associated with ratings of shared reality. Results highlight potential social motives for smoking (e.g., satisfying epistemic and relational goals), and highlight the need for increased laboratory research on smoking that includes a social context.
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Details
| Item Type: |
University of Pittsburgh ETD
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| Status: |
Unpublished |
| Creators/Authors: |
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| ETD Committee: |
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| Date: |
20 September 2019 |
| Date Type: |
Publication |
| Defense Date: |
6 June 2018 |
| Approval Date: |
20 September 2019 |
| Submission Date: |
20 November 2018 |
| Access Restriction: |
No restriction; Release the ETD for access worldwide immediately. |
| Number of Pages: |
78 |
| Institution: |
University of Pittsburgh |
| Schools and Programs: |
Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences > Psychology |
| Degree: |
PhD - Doctor of Philosophy |
| Thesis Type: |
Doctoral Dissertation |
| Refereed: |
Yes |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: |
craving; urge; social processes; smoking; shared reality |
| Date Deposited: |
20 Sep 2019 18:38 |
| Last Modified: |
20 Sep 2019 18:38 |
| URI: |
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/36207 |
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