Optical Fiber Based Sensors for Harsh Environments

Bayoumy, Mohamed (2018) Optical Fiber Based Sensors for Harsh Environments. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

The primary objective of this study is to develop optical fiber-based sensors that are capable of operating in extreme conditions. Silica-based optical fibers are well known for their resilience to harsh environments. Whether they are integrated into distributed sensing schemes or as point sensors, optical fibers offer low-costs, highly accurate sensing platforms for various physical quantities.
In this dissertation, state-of–the-art Al-doped radiation sensitive optical fibers for distributed ionizing radiation measurements are presented for the first time. This optical fiber sensor, coupled with a Rayleigh scattering-based optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) scheme, was used to monitor and quantitate ionizing gamma radiation from a 60Co radioactive isotope.
An alternative multi-core optical fiber was deployed to simultaneously monitor two different parameters. The dual-core fiber has been fabricated with two distinct optical cores to allow for differences between the cores’ temperature and strain coefficients. With such differences, temperature and strain changes were discriminated using a Brillouin scattering time domain analyzer (B-OTDA).
Ultrafast lasers are commonly used to inscribe thermally stable nanostructures on optical fibers’ cores. IR laser-induced structures inscribed on low-loss, radiation-hard silica fibers were used to develop point and distributed sensors for in-pile nuclear reactor measurements. The sensors were subjected to, arguably the most challenging of artificial environments, with temperatures above 600°C, and high neutron fluxes at levels above 1.2×1014 n/s/cm2. The sensors were also used to monitor the temperature distribution inside of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The information obtained from the operational SOFC can be used to prolong its lifetime and increase its efficiency.
Lastly, additive manufacturing embedding of optical fibers into metallic parts were attempted. A nickel-iron alloy, Invar-36, was investigated as a coating material for silica. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of Invar-36 can be carefully engineered to be close to that of silica. With a reduced CTE mismatch at the glass-metal interface, problems of adhesion and delamination can be deterred to extreme conditions. The proposed sensor designs and implementations would allow monitoring complex structures, and harsh environments like in SOFCs, gas turbines, robotics, or in high performance machinery, with minimal invasiveness.

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Details

Item Type:	University of Pittsburgh ETD
Status:	Unpublished
Creators/Authors:	Creators Email Pitt Username ORCID Bayoumy, Mohamed mab433@pitt.edu mab433 0000-0001-5061-0198
ETD Committee:	Title Member Email Address Pitt Username ORCID Committee Chair Chen, KP pec9@pitt.edu PEC9 Committee Member El-Nokali, Mahmoud men@pitt.edu men Committee Member Li, Guangyong gul6@pitt.edu gul6 Committee Member Xiong, Feng f.xiong@pitt.edu fex14 Committee Member Ohodnicki, Paul paul.ohodnicki@netl.doe.gov
Date:	4 December 2018
Defense Date:	18 July 2019
Approval Date:	11 September 2019
Submission Date:	5 July 2019
Access Restriction:	1 year -- Restrict access to University of Pittsburgh for a period of 1 year.
Number of Pages:	214
Institution:	University of Pittsburgh
Schools and Programs:	Swanson School of Engineering > Electrical and Computer Engineering
Degree:	PhD - Doctor of Philosophy
Thesis Type:	Doctoral Dissertation
Refereed:	Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Optical Fiber Sensors, Ionizing Radiation Sensors, Harsh Environment Monitoring, Solid oxide fuel cells, Nuclear Reactor Monitoring, Additive Manufacturing, Embedding Silica Fiber into Metallic Parts, Fiber Bragg Gratings, Rayleigh Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry
Date Deposited:	11 Sep 2020 05:00
Last Modified:	11 Sep 2020 05:24
URI:	http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/37056

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