Kim, Hyejin
(2019)
Illness Perceptions and Self-management in Late-life Chronic Disorders.
Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
(Unpublished)
Abstract
Background: As chronic disorders become increasingly prevalent among persons 50 years of age and older, understanding how an individual perceives an illness in the context of disease characteristics (physical vs. mental), and what self-management strategies are adopted in response to these perceptions becomes an important issue.
Purpose: The aims of this study were 1) to examine the associations between illness perceptions, self-efficacy, and self-management, and 2) to identify similarities and differences among persons (≥ 50 years of age) with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), treating the conditions as exemplars of late-life physical and mental disorders.
Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary analyses of existing datasets. The coherence and causality subscales of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease, Risk Evaluation and Education for Alzheimer’s disease health behavior measure, and four-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, were used. In Aims 1 and 2, we performed hierarchical linear and logistic regression analyses while controlling for covariates to examine the associations between illness perceptions, self-efficacy, and self-management among persons with MCI and those with T2DM. In Aim 3, we conducted multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and hierarchical linear regression to compare illness perceptions between the T2DM and MCI groups.
Results: Regardless of the disease characteristics (physical [T2DM] or mental [MCI]), illness perceptions or its interactions with covariates were associated with either self-efficacy or self-management behaviors (p < .05) among participants with chronic disorders. Coherence was an important factor of self-management in both T2DM (b = .306, p = .035) and MCI (b = .051, p = .089) groups when the interactions terms were added to the models. With the exception of the consequences dimension, each dimension of illness perception was significantly different between the T2DM and MCI groups.
Conclusion: Future research should incorporate illness perceptions in the context of disease characteristics (physical vs. mental), sociodemomegraphics, and comorbid conditions into development of interventions aimed at improving both self-efficacy and self-management among older adults with chronic disorders, which may result in one’s positive health outcomes such as quality of life.
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| Item Type: |
University of Pittsburgh ETD
|
| Status: |
Unpublished |
| Creators/Authors: |
|
| ETD Committee: |
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| Date: |
27 August 2019 |
| Date Type: |
Publication |
| Defense Date: |
29 March 2019 |
| Approval Date: |
27 August 2019 |
| Submission Date: |
26 August 2019 |
| Access Restriction: |
No restriction; Release the ETD for access worldwide immediately. |
| Number of Pages: |
168 |
| Institution: |
University of Pittsburgh |
| Schools and Programs: |
School of Nursing > Nursing |
| Degree: |
PhD - Doctor of Philosophy |
| Thesis Type: |
Doctoral Dissertation |
| Refereed: |
Yes |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: |
Illness perceptions, mild cognitive impairment, older adults, secondary analysis, self management, type 2 diabetes |
| Date Deposited: |
27 Aug 2019 13:26 |
| Last Modified: |
27 Aug 2019 13:26 |
| URI: |
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/37407 |
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