Butterfield, Rosalind and Silk, Jennifer and Lee, Kyung Hwa and Siegle, Greg and Dahl, Ronald and Forbes, Erika and Ryan, Neal and Hooley, Jill and Ladouceur, Cecile
(2020)
Parents Still Matter! Parental Warmth Predicts Adolescent Brain Function and Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Two Years Later.
Development and Psychopathology, 32 (1).
pp. 1-14.
ISSN 1469-2198
Abstract
Anxiety is the most prevalent psychological disorder among youth, and even following treatment, confers risk for anxiety relapse and the development of depression. Anxiety disorders are associated with heightened response to negative affective stimuli in brain networks underlying emotion processing. One factor that can attenuate symptoms of anxiety and depression in high-risk youth is parental warmth. The current study investigates whether parental warmth helps to protect against future anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents with histories of anxiety, and whether neural functioning in brain regions implicated in emotion processing and regulation can account for this link. Following anxiety disorder treatment (Time 1), thirty adolescents (M age=11.58, SD=1.26) reported on maternal warmth and, two years later (Time 2), participated in functional neuroimaging task where they listened to pre-recorded criticism and neutral statements from a parent. Higher maternal warmth predicted lower neural activation during criticism, compared with neutral statements, in the left amygdala, bilateral insula, subgenual anterior cingulate, right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. Maternal warmth was associated with adolescents’ anxiety and depressive symptoms due to the indirect effects of sgACC activation, suggesting that parenting may attenuate risk for internalizing through its effects on brain function.
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