Sullivan, Meghan R. and Bernstein, Kara A.
(2018)
RAD-ical New Insights into RAD51 Regulation.
Genes, 9 (12).
p. 629.
ISSN 2073-4425
Abstract
The accurate repair of DNA is critical for genome stability and cancer prevention. DNA double-strand breaks are one of the most toxic lesions; however, they can be repaired using homologous recombination. Homologous recombination is a high-fidelity DNA repair pathway that uses a homologous template for repair. One central HR step is RAD51 nucleoprotein filament formation on the single-stranded DNA ends, which is a step required for the homology search and strand invasion steps of HR. RAD51 filament formation is tightly controlled by many positive and negative regulators, which are collectively termed the RAD51 mediators. The RAD51 mediators function to nucleate, elongate, stabilize, and disassemble RAD51 during repair. In model organisms, RAD51 paralogs are RAD51 mediator proteins that structurally resemble RAD51 and promote its HR activity. New functions for the RAD51 paralogs during replication and in RAD51 filament flexibility have recently been uncovered. Mutations in the human RAD51 paralogs (RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2, XRCC3, and SWSAP1) are found in a subset of breast and ovarian cancers. Despite their discovery three decades ago, few advances have been made in understanding the function of the human RAD51 paralogs. Here, we discuss the current perspective on the in vivo and in vitro function of the RAD51 paralogs, and their relationship with cancer in vertebrate models.
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Details
Item Type: |
Article
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Status: |
Published |
Creators/Authors: |
|
Date: |
13 December 2018 |
Date Type: |
Publication |
Journal or Publication Title: |
Genes |
Volume: |
9 |
Number: |
12 |
Publisher: |
MDPI AG |
Page Range: |
p. 629 |
DOI or Unique Handle: |
10.3390/genes9120629 |
Schools and Programs: |
School of Medicine > Microbiology and Molecular Genetics |
Refereed: |
Yes |
Uncontrolled Keywords: |
homologous recombination, RAD51 paralogs, BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2, XRCC3, Shu complex, cancer |
ISSN: |
2073-4425 |
Official URL: |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9120629 |
Funders: |
National Institutes of Health, American Cancer Society, Stand Up to Cancer |
Article Type: |
Review |
Date Deposited: |
14 Dec 2021 19:35 |
Last Modified: |
14 Dec 2021 19:35 |
URI: |
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/42101 |
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