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Chronic Inflammation and Glycemic Control: An Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes and Inflammatory Biomarkers in The Long Life Family Study

Hollnagel, Kaylee (2022) Chronic Inflammation and Glycemic Control: An Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes and Inflammatory Biomarkers in The Long Life Family Study. Master Essay, University of Pittsburgh.

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Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with chronic low-level inflammation, presenting as elevated levels of biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and white blood cells. These biomarkers increase with age as well as diabetes onset and severity. Currently, little is known about inflammation and T2D among healthy agers. In this analysis, relationships between diabetes and prediabetes status, and CRP, IL-6, adiponectin, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were examined in the offspring of exceptionally long-lived individuals.
The Long Life Family Study is a multi-center prospective cohort study of exceptional longevity in two generation families. Of the 4,952 enrolled at Visit 1 (2006-2009), 3,229 individuals from the offspring generation were included in the current analyses. T2D was defined as FPG 126 mg/dL, HbA1c 6.5%, self-reported doctor’s diagnosis, or use of anti-diabetic medications. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c 5.7 – 6.49%, FPG 100 mg/dL – 125.99 mg/dL, or non-fasting glucose 140 mg/dL – 199.99 mg/dL. Summary statistics of relevant variables stratified by family and diabetes status were assessed. Associations of glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR with the inflammatory biomarkers were tested using partial correlations. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of incident diabetes and prediabetes. Partial correlations and regressions were adjusted for age, BMI, sex, field center, lifestyle, and/or medications.
There were 83 and 352 incident T2D and prediabetes cases by Visit 2 (2014-2017). Baseline CRP, IL-6, and NLR were higher, and baseline adiponectin was lower in those with diabetes and prediabetes compared to nondiabetics (p<0.002). This was similarly seen among the spouses, except NLR (p<0.005). Positive correlations were seen between the glycemic control biomarkers and NLR, CRP, and IL-6, and negative correlations for adiponectin, all p<0.0001 except NLR. Most associations were attenuated after covariate adjustment, however, most correlations with adiponectin became stronger after adjusting for age and sex. Logistic regression analyses showed that adiponectin was significant in predicting diabetes and prediabetes incidence (p<0.0001), while NLR, CRP, and IL-6 were not.
While some differences in the inflammatory profiles of diabetic, prediabetic, and non-diabetic individuals may be present in exceptionally long-lived families, these relationships are complex and require further longitudinal analysis.


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Details

Item Type: Other Thesis, Dissertation, or Long Paper (Master Essay)
Status: Unpublished
Creators/Authors:
CreatorsEmailPitt UsernameORCID
Hollnagel, Kayleekah308@pitt.edukah308
Contributors:
ContributionContributors NameEmailPitt UsernameORCID
Committee ChairZmuda, Joseph M.zmudaj@edc.pitt.eduzmudajUNSPECIFIED
Committee MemberYouk, Ada O.ayouk@pitt.eduayoukUNSPECIFIED
Committee MemberMiljkovic, Ivamiljkovici@edu.pitt.edumiljkoviciUNSPECIFIED
Date: 17 May 2022
Date Type: Completion
Submission Date: 28 April 2022
Access Restriction: 2 year -- Restrict access to University of Pittsburgh for a period of 2 years.
Number of Pages: 60
Institution: University of Pittsburgh
Schools and Programs: School of Public Health > Epidemiology
Degree: MPH - Master of Public Health
Thesis Type: Master Essay
Refereed: Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords: Inflammatory Biomarkers, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Adiponectin, C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, Aging, Diabetes Mellitus, Prediabetes
Date Deposited: 17 May 2022 15:58
Last Modified: 17 May 2022 15:58
URI: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/42826

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