Longley, Ian and Tunno, Brett and Somervell, Elizabeth and Edwards, Sam and Olivares, Gustavo and Gray, Sally and Coulson, Guy and Cambal, Leah and Roper, Courtney and Chubb, Lauren and Clougherty, Jane E.
(2019)
Assessment of Spatial Variability across Multiple Pollutants in Auckland, New Zealand.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (9).
p. 1567.
ISSN 1660-4601
Abstract
Spatial saturation studies using source-specific chemical tracers are commonly used to examine intra-urban variation in exposures and source impacts, for epidemiology and policy purposes. Most such studies, however, has been performed in North America and Europe, with substantial regional combustion-source contributions. In contrast, Auckland, New Zealand, a large western city, is relatively isolated in the south Pacific, with minimal impact from long-range combustion sources. However, fluctuating wind patterns, complex terrain, and an adjacent major port complicate pollution patterns within the central business district (CBD). We monitored multiple pollutants (fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), elemental composition, organic diesel tracers (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, steranes), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) at 12 sites across the ~5 km2 CBD during autumn 2014, to capture spatial variation in traffic, diesel, and proximity to the port. PM2.5 concentrations varied 2.5-fold and NO2 concentrations 2.9-fold across the CBD, though constituents varied more dramatically. The highest-concentration constituent was sodium (Na), a distinct non-combustion-related tracer for sea salt (µ = 197.8 ng/m3 (SD = 163.1 ng/m3)). BC, often used as a diesel-emissions tracer, varied more than five-fold across sites. Vanadium (V), higher near the ports, varied more than 40-fold across sites. Concentrations of most combustion-related constituents were higher near heavy traffic, truck, or bus activity, and near the port. Wind speed modified absolute concentrations, and wind direction modified spatial patterns in concentrations (i.e., ports impacts were more notable with winds from the northeast).
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| Item Type: |
Article
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| Status: |
Published |
| Creators/Authors: |
| Creators | Email | Pitt Username | ORCID  |
|---|
| Longley, Ian | | | | | Tunno, Brett | | | | | Somervell, Elizabeth | | | | | Edwards, Sam | | | | | Olivares, Gustavo | | | | | Gray, Sally | | | | | Coulson, Guy | | | | | Cambal, Leah | | | | | Roper, Courtney | | | | | Chubb, Lauren | | | | | Clougherty, Jane E. | | | |
|
| Date: |
5 May 2019 |
| Date Type: |
Publication |
| Journal or Publication Title: |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
| Volume: |
16 |
| Number: |
9 |
| Publisher: |
MDPI AG |
| Page Range: |
p. 1567 |
| DOI or Unique Handle: |
10.3390/ijerph16091567 |
| Schools and Programs: |
School of Public Health > Environmental and Occupational Health |
| Refereed: |
Yes |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: |
particle composition, spatial saturation, source identification, shipping emissions |
| ISSN: |
1660-4601 |
| Official URL: |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091567 |
| Funders: |
NIWA, University of Pittsburgh Department of Environmental and Occupational Health |
| Article Type: |
Research Article |
| Date Deposited: |
31 May 2022 15:07 |
| Last Modified: |
31 May 2022 15:07 |
| URI: |
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/43043 |
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