Albukhaytan, Hamdan
(2024)
Prediction of Milk to Plasma ratio of drugs
A Pilot Evaluation of using Rapid Equilibrium Dialysis.
Master's Thesis, University of Pittsburgh.
(Unpublished)
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the optimal way to support neonatal immunity and growth. Many women take at least 1 medication during the breastfeeding period. Some medications can cross the epithelial membrane of the mammary gland and get into the milk which may lead to exposure of maternal medications to the infants and could precipitate unwanted effects. Different factors that may affect the transfer of drug from plasma to milk can be classified into physiological properties and physiochemical properties of the drugs etc.
To measure the impact of these factors, different approaches such as clinical studies, animal studies, in vitro studies and computational models have been employed. There are critical limitations associated with each approach. We decided to focus on the in vitro approaches. The use of rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED) technique, which utilizes two chambers separated by a dialysis membrane, (one chamber represents the plasma and the other represents the milk). The purpose of this thesis is to validate an in vitro model that could help in predicting the milk-plasma ratio (M/P) of drugs with different physiochemical properties i.e., lipophilicity and protein binding. Specifically, we evaluated the impact of changes in fat content in the milk and plasma protein binding on partitioning of a moderately lipid soluble drug, ketamine.
This study developed a sensitive and specific way to measure ketamine and its metabolites in plasma and breast milk. The study documented that ketamine is not adsorbed onto the device used for partitioning. It also documented that plasma protein content had minimal impact on the M/P ratio. The fat content of human milk significantly affected the M/P ratio partitioning. The M/P predicted by partitioning method appeared to under predict clinically observed M/P ratio. This observation is likely related to low fat content of the milk samples. Future studies should focus on evaluating human milk with various fat content on the M/P ratio.
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Details
| Item Type: |
University of Pittsburgh ETD
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| Status: |
Unpublished |
| Creators/Authors: |
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| ETD Committee: |
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| Date: |
19 January 2024 |
| Date Type: |
Publication |
| Defense Date: |
10 April 2023 |
| Approval Date: |
19 January 2024 |
| Submission Date: |
19 April 2023 |
| Access Restriction: |
2 year -- Restrict access to University of Pittsburgh for a period of 2 years. |
| Number of Pages: |
55 |
| Institution: |
University of Pittsburgh |
| Schools and Programs: |
School of Pharmacy > Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| Degree: |
MS - Master of Science |
| Thesis Type: |
Master's Thesis |
| Refereed: |
Yes |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: |
Rapid Equilibrium Dialysis
Milk to Plasma ratio (M/P)
Ketamine
In Vitro model |
| Related URLs: |
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| Date Deposited: |
19 Jan 2024 12:15 |
| Last Modified: |
19 Jan 2024 12:15 |
| URI: |
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/44592 |
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