Jouppi, Riley J
(2024)
Hedonic Hunger, Ultra-Processed Food Consumption, and the Moderating Effects of Impulsivity in Pregnant Individuals with BMI ≥ 25.
Master's Thesis, University of Pittsburgh.
(Unpublished)
Abstract
Higher hedonic hunger (preoccupation with/desire to consume food for pleasure) has been found to correlate with significantly more ultra-processed food (UPF; hyper-palatable, industrially engineered food) consumption in non-pregnant individuals with high impulsivity. It is unknown if this relationship exists during pregnancy, a period of major biopsychosocial changes that may affect these variables and how they relate. The current study tested the association between hedonic hunger and UPF consumption and the moderating effects of impulsivity in pregnant individuals with BMI≥25, who are at risk for health consequences linked to hedonic hunger and UPF. Individuals (N=220; M(SD)=31.6(4.8) years old) with pre-pregnancy BMI≥25 (M(SD)=32.0(6.4) kg/m2) were recruited to a longitudinal study of perinatal health and completed the following self-reports at baseline (M(SD)=13.8(2.8) weeks’ gestation): Power of Food Scale (PFS), 24-hour dietary recalls, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Participants enrolled in the ancillary study (n=143) also completed the Delay Discounting Task (DDT). Hedonic hunger was operationalized as PFS total score, UPF consumption as percentage of average caloric intake from UPF (defined/calculated using the Nova food classification system), and impulsivity as BIS-11 total score and DDT area under the curve value. A linear regression model tested the association between hedonic hunger and UPF consumption; interaction terms were specified to test moderating effects of self-report impulsivity and DD. Models covaried for age, gestational age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and a socioeconomic status composite variable. The association between hedonic hunger and UPF was not significant (p=.44), and self-report impulsivity did not significantly moderate the association (p=.11). DD, however, did significantly moderate the association (p=.01); with every one-point increase in hedonic hunger, participants with lower DD (M+1SD) consumed 7% fewer calories from UPF (p=.01), and those with higher DD (M-1SD) consumed 1% more calories from UPF (p=.58). Findings from the current study contradict those from research with non-pregnant samples and suggest that lower DD during pregnancy may serve as a protective factor, contributing to a reduction in UPF consumption at higher levels of hedonic hunger. Future research on hedonic hunger, UPF consumption, and self-report versus task impulsivity within the context of pregnancy is warranted to better understand this unique relationship.
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| Item Type: |
University of Pittsburgh ETD
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| Status: |
Unpublished |
| Creators/Authors: |
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| ETD Committee: |
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| Date: |
9 January 2024 |
| Date Type: |
Publication |
| Defense Date: |
17 October 2023 |
| Approval Date: |
9 January 2024 |
| Submission Date: |
24 October 2023 |
| Access Restriction: |
No restriction; Release the ETD for access worldwide immediately. |
| Number of Pages: |
49 |
| Institution: |
University of Pittsburgh |
| Schools and Programs: |
Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences > Psychology |
| Degree: |
MS - Master of Science |
| Thesis Type: |
Master's Thesis |
| Refereed: |
Yes |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: |
pregnancy; diet; eating; executive function; obesity |
| Date Deposited: |
09 Jan 2024 19:34 |
| Last Modified: |
10 Jun 2024 18:27 |
| URI: |
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/45478 |
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