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DIGITAL THREE-DIMENSIONAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY: ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF FACIAL MEASUREMENTS OBTAINED FROM TWO COMMERCIALLY-AVAILABLE IMAGING SYSTEMS

Gornick, Matthew Charles (2011) DIGITAL THREE-DIMENSIONAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY: ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF FACIAL MEASUREMENTS OBTAINED FROM TWO COMMERCIALLY-AVAILABLE IMAGING SYSTEMS. Master's Thesis, University of Pittsburgh. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Traditionally, direct anthropometry, two-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry and cephalometry have served as primary methods to quantify craniofacial characteristics. Stereophotogrammetry, a more recent method, is able to capture a three-dimensional (3D) image of a subject's facial surface almost instantaneously. This image can then later be measured in a variety ways, allowing the calculation of linear distances and the quantification of angles, surface areas and volumes. Several 3D stereophotogrammetric systems are commercially available and although some systems have been independently validated, little is known about how measurement data generated by different systems compare. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy and precision of craniofacial measurements obtained using different 3D stereophotogrammetry systems (3dMDface and Vectra 3D) by comparing their values to each other and to measurements obtained using a Microscribe mechanical digitizer. The study sample consisted of 18 mannequin heads, pre-labeled with 28 anthropometric landmarks. All possible inter-landmark distances (n = 378) were calculated and several error magnitude statistics were used to compare facial measurement techniques: mean absolute difference (MAD), relative error magnitude (REM), technical error of measurement (TEM) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Overall, measurements across all three facial measurement techniques were highly comparable. Over 99% of MAD values were less than 1 mm and over 99% of REM scores were deemed excellent or very good (REM < 4%). Similarly, 100% of TEM values were less than 1 mm and the average ICC across all 378 measures was above 0.99 for all possible method comparisons. Based on the constructed confidence intervals, none of the observed MAD, REM, TEM or ICC values for any of the 378 variables significantly exceeded our predefined error thresholds (p > 0.05). Thermal maps depicting 3D surface-to-surface comparisons also showed negligible differences, with an average Root Mean Squared value across all 18 3D models of 0.197 mm. Results indicate that measurements derived from the Vectra-3D and 3dMDface imaging systems are virtually identical. Furthermore, both systems demonstrated similarly high levels of accuracy when compared to the Microscribe digitizer. Both imaging systems produce facial measurements sufficiently similar to allow for their data to be combined or compared statistically.


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Details

Item Type: University of Pittsburgh ETD
Status: Unpublished
Creators/Authors:
CreatorsEmailPitt UsernameORCID
Gornick, Matthew Charlesmcg12@pitt.eduMCG12
ETD Committee:
TitleMemberEmail AddressPitt UsernameORCID
Committee ChairWeinberg, Sethsmwst46@pitt.eduSMWST46
Committee MemberMooney, Markmpm4@pitt.eduMPM4
Committee MemberDoerfler, Richardrjdortho@comcast.net
Date: 22 June 2011
Date Type: Completion
Defense Date: 29 April 2011
Approval Date: 22 June 2011
Submission Date: 20 June 2011
Access Restriction: No restriction; Release the ETD for access worldwide immediately.
Institution: University of Pittsburgh
Schools and Programs: School of Dental Medicine > Dental Science
Degree: MDS - Master of Dental Science
Thesis Type: Master's Thesis
Refereed: Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords: morphometrics; validation
Other ID: http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-06202011-095206/, etd-06202011-095206
Date Deposited: 10 Nov 2011 19:48
Last Modified: 15 Nov 2016 13:44
URI: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/8154

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