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QUANTITATIVE THERMAL INFRARED ANALYSES OF VOLCANIC PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS: APPLICATION TO BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO, RUSSIA

Carter, Adam Joseph (2008) QUANTITATIVE THERMAL INFRARED ANALYSES OF VOLCANIC PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS: APPLICATION TO BEZYMIANNY VOLCANO, RUSSIA. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Bezymianny (55.98°N, 160.59°E) is a Holocene andesitic composite volcano with a summit elevation of approximately 2,900 m and is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula, eastern Russia. Previously inactive for about 1,000 years, Bezymianny reactivated in 1955, culminating in a cataclysmic eruption on 30 March 1956. This directed blast generated a 1.3 km (north-south) by 2.8 km (east-west) horseshoe shaped crater opening to the east, similar in morphology and activity to Mt. St. Helens (USA). During the last 30 years Bezymianny has been regularly active, erupting one to two times per year on average. This work focuses on field-based and remote sensing observations of explosive eruptions and their products at Bezymianny, concentrating on the pyroclastic flow (PF) deposits on the southeast flank. The events of March 2000, January 2005, December 2006, May 2007 and October 2007 were focused on to elucidate information on the pyroclastic flow (PF) deposits that were emplaced. Two principal themes were addressed: (1) A thermal infrared (TIR) investigation of the eruptive events and products. This encompassed ground-based field work, Forward Looking Infrared Radiometer (FLIR) image data, and spaceborne data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). (2) A micrometer-scale textural investigation of vesicular block and ash samples collected in the field on the pyroclastic flow deposits. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images were used to generate micron-scale digital elevation models (DEM) for the surfaces of each volcanic sample collected. These were compared to TIR emission spectra that were deconvolved to estimate surface vesicularity. This work demonstrates the utility of TIR observations from satellite, aerial, and ground-based data that, in combination with standard geological mapping, provide timely, accurate, and quantitative remote sensing data to assist in the prediction and monitoring of explosive volcanoes.


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Details

Item Type: University of Pittsburgh ETD
Status: Unpublished
Creators/Authors:
CreatorsEmailPitt UsernameORCID
Carter, Adam Josephajc44@pitt.eduAJC44
ETD Committee:
TitleMemberEmail AddressPitt UsernameORCID
Committee ChairRamsey, Michaelmramsey@pitt.eduMRAMSEY
Committee MemberBelousov, Alexanderbelousov@mail.ru
Committee MemberSkilling, Ianskilling@pitt.eduSKILLING
Committee MemberRosenmeier, Michaelmrosenme@pitt.eduMROSENME
Committee MemberHarbert, Williamharbert@pitt.eduHARBERT
Date: 29 October 2008
Date Type: Completion
Defense Date: 1 August 2008
Approval Date: 29 October 2008
Submission Date: 7 August 2008
Access Restriction: No restriction; Release the ETD for access worldwide immediately.
Institution: University of Pittsburgh
Schools and Programs: Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences > Geology and Planetary Science
Degree: PhD - Doctor of Philosophy
Thesis Type: Doctoral Dissertation
Refereed: Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords: Geology; Pyroclastic Flow Deposits; Remote Sensing; Thermal Infrared; Volcanology
Other ID: http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-08072008-140736/, etd-08072008-140736
Date Deposited: 10 Nov 2011 19:58
Last Modified: 15 Nov 2016 13:48
URI: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/8970

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