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THREE ESSAYS ON HOUSING AND CREDIT

Yilan, Xu (2012) THREE ESSAYS ON HOUSING AND CREDIT. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

The late-2000s financial crisis has brought great attention to housing market and home mortgage market. I study housing and credit issues using evidence from the United States and China. In Chapter 1, I examine how a court-mandated repeal of a home mortgage regulation in Cleveland affected home foreclosures. To distinguish the effect of deregulation from confounding factors, I apply a difference-in-difference research design using suburbs as the control group for Cleveland. Results indicate that deregulation caused a 49 percent increase in early foreclosures while it did not increase total loan originations. This result implies that bad loans as a share of overall loans increased substantially. In Chapter 2, I evaluate the impact of housing provident funds (HPFs), saving programs that collect deposits from employees and their employers and provide mortgage loans with discounted rates. I exploit a natural experiment in China where the amount of home loans available to employees depends on previous deposits to the fund. Results indicate that after HPF loans became available in 1998, households with two members enrolled in the HPF program enjoyed homeownership 18 percent greater than those with only one member enrolled. Furthermore, each additional year of HPF deposits increased homeownership by 4 percent. The results suggest that HPF loans allow higher housing consumption for eligible contributors. In Chapter 3, my coauthor and I document that home mortgage loans made by out-of-state banks without local branches are more likely to have high interest rates and are sold more to the secondary market than other types of mortgages. Drawing evidence from Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data from 2005 to 2008, we find that the demand for nonlocal mortgages is larger in the neighborhood where local banks' denial rate is higher. And banks make more nonlocal mortgages to out-of-state borrowers if they have better access to the secondary market. The results suggest that securitization may provide bad incentives for risk-taking.


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Details

Item Type: University of Pittsburgh ETD
Status: Unpublished
Creators/Authors:
CreatorsEmailPitt UsernameORCID
Yilan, Xuyix11@pitt.eduYIX11
ETD Committee:
TitleMemberEmail AddressPitt UsernameORCID
Committee ChairDaniel , Berkowitzdmberk@pitt.eduDMBERK
Committee MemberMark, HoekstraMark.L.Hoekstra@gmail.com
Committee MemberWerner, Troeskentroesken@pitt.eduTROESKEN
Committee MemberMaria, Ferreyramferrey@andrew.cmu.edu
Date: 9 October 2012
Date Type: Publication
Defense Date: 18 July 2012
Approval Date: 9 October 2012
Submission Date: 28 July 2012
Access Restriction: No restriction; Release the ETD for access worldwide immediately.
Number of Pages: 93
Institution: University of Pittsburgh
Schools and Programs: Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences > Economics
Degree: PhD - Doctor of Philosophy
Thesis Type: Doctoral Dissertation
Refereed: Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords: deregulation; foreclosure; credit access; housing consumption; nonlocal lending; securitization
Date Deposited: 09 Oct 2012 13:39
Last Modified: 15 Nov 2016 14:01
URI: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/13229

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