Structural and functional comparisons of retroviral envelope protein C-terminal domains: Still much to learn

Steckbeck, JD and Kuhlmann, AS and Montelaro, RC (2014) Structural and functional comparisons of retroviral envelope protein C-terminal domains: Still much to learn. Viruses, 6 (1). 284 - 300. ISSN 1999-4915

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Abstract

Retroviruses are a family of viruses that cause a broad range of pathologies in animals and humans, from the apparently harmless, long-term genomic insertion of endogenous retroviruses, to tumors induced by the oncogenic retroviruses and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) resulting from human immunodeficiency virus infection. Disease can be the result of diverse mechanisms, including tumorigenesis induced by viral oncogenes or immune destruction, leading to the gradual loss of CD4 T-cells. Of the virally encoded proteins common to all retroviruses, the envelope (Env) displays perhaps the most diverse functionality. Env is primarily responsible for binding the cellular receptor and for effecting the fusion process, with these functions mediated by protein domains localized to the exterior of the virus. The remaining C-terminal domain may have the most variable functionality of all retroviral proteins. The C-terminal domains from three prototypical retroviruses are discussed, focusing on the different structures and functions, which include fusion activation, tumorigenesis and viral assembly and lifecycle influences. Despite these genetic and functional differences, however, the C-terminal domains of these viruses share a common feature in the modulation of Env ectodomain conformation. Despite their differences, perhaps each system still has information to share with the others. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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Details

Item Type:	Article
Status:	Published
Creators/Authors:	Creators Email Pitt Username ORCID Steckbeck, JD Kuhlmann, AS Montelaro, RC rmont@pitt.edu RMONT
Centers:	Other Centers, Institutes, Offices, or Units > Center for Vaccine Research
Date:	16 January 2014
Date Type:	Publication
Journal or Publication Title:	Viruses
Volume:	6
Number:	1
Page Range:	284 - 300
DOI or Unique Handle:	10.3390/v6010284
Schools and Programs:	School of Medicine > Microbiology and Molecular Genetics
Refereed:	Yes
ISSN:	1999-4915
Article Type:	Review
Date Deposited:	23 Apr 2015 14:27
Last Modified:	04 Feb 2019 15:57
URI:	http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/24893

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