Preventive immunization of aged and juvenile non-human primates to beta-amyloid

Kofler, J and Lopresti, B and Janssen, C and Trichel, AM and Masliah, E and Finn, OJ and Salter, RD and Murdoch, GH and Mathis, CA and Wiley, CA (2012) Preventive immunization of aged and juvenile non-human primates to beta-amyloid. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 9.

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Abstract

Background: Immunization against beta-amyloid (Aβ) is a promising approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, but the optimal timing for the vaccination remains to be determined. Preventive immunization approaches may be more efficacious and associated with fewer side-effects; however, there is only limited information available from primate models about the effects of preclinical vaccination on brain amyloid composition and the neuroinflammatory milieu.Methods: Ten non-human primates (NHP) of advanced age (18-26 years) and eight 2-year-old juvenile NHPs were immunized at 0, 2, 6, 10 and 14 weeks with aggregated Aβ42 admixed with monophosphoryl lipid A as adjuvant, and monitored for up to 6 months. Anti-Aβ antibody levels and immune activation markers were assessed in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples before and at several time-points after immunization. Microglial activity was determined by [11C]PK11195 PET scans acquired before and after immunization, and by post-mortem immunohistochemical and real-time PCR evaluation. Aβ oligomer composition was assessed by immunoblot analysis in the frontal cortex of aged immunized and non-immunized control animals.Results: All juvenile animals developed a strong and sustained serum anti-Aβ IgG antibody response, whereas only 80 % of aged animals developed detectable antibodies. The immune response in aged monkeys was more delayed and significantly weaker, and was also more variable between animals. Pre- and post-immunization [11C]PK11195 PET scans showed no evidence of vaccine-related microglial activation. Post-mortem brain tissue analysis indicated a low overall amyloid burden, but revealed a significant shift in oligomer size with an increase in the dimer:pentamer ratio in aged immunized animals compared with non-immunized controls (P < 0.01). No differences were seen in microglial density or expression of classical and alternative microglial activation markers between immunized and control animals.Conclusions: Our results indicate that preventive Aβ immunization is a safe therapeutic approach lacking adverse CNS immune system activation or other serious side-effects in both aged and juvenile NHP cohorts. A significant shift in the composition of soluble oligomers towards smaller species might facilitate removal of toxic Aβ species from the brain. © 2012 Kofler et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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Details

Item Type:	Article
Status:	Published
Creators/Authors:	Creators Email Pitt Username ORCID Kofler, J jkofler@pitt.edu JKOFLER Lopresti, B brianl@pitt.edu BRIANL Janssen, C chj10@pitt.edu CHJ10 Trichel, AM trichel@pitt.edu TRICHEL 0000-0002-7338-8814 Masliah, E Finn, OJ ojfinn@pitt.edu OJFINN Salter, RD Murdoch, GH ghm3@pitt.edu GHM3 Mathis, CA mathis@pitt.edu MATHIS Wiley, CA wiley1@pitt.edu WILEY1
Date:	3 May 2012
Date Type:	Publication
Journal or Publication Title:	Journal of Neuroinflammation
Volume:	9
DOI or Unique Handle:	10.1186/1742-2094-9-84
Schools and Programs:	School of Medicine > Immunology School of Medicine > Pathology School of Medicine > Radiology
Refereed:	Yes
Date Deposited:	29 Nov 2016 20:49
Last Modified:	22 Jun 2021 14:56
URI:	http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/29910

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