Shridhar, Puneeth and Chen, Yanfei and Khalil, Ramzi and Plakseychuk, Anton and Cho, Sung and Tillman, Bryan and Kumta, Prashant and Chun, YoungJae
(2016)
A Review of PMMA Bone Cement and Intra‐Cardiac Embolism.
Materials, 9 (10).
p. 821.
ISSN 1996-1944
Abstract
Percutaneous vertebroplasty procedure is of major importance, given the significantly increasing aging population and the higher number of orthopedic procedures related to vertebral compression fractures. Vertebroplasty is a complex technique involving the injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into the compressed vertebral body for mechanical stabilization of the fracture. Our understanding and ability to modify these mechanisms through alterations in cement material is rapidly evolving. However, the rate of cardiac complications secondary to PMMA injection and subsequent cement leakage has increased with time. The following review considers the main effects of PMMA bone cement on the heart, and the extent of influence of the materials on cardiac embolism. Clinically, cement leakage results in life‐threatening cardiac injury. The convolution of this outcome through an appropriate balance of complex material properties is highlighted via clinical case reports.
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