Wage Inequality by Education and Gender in MENA: Contrasting the Egyptian and Moroccan Experiences in the 1990s

El-Hamidi, Fatma and Said, Mona (2005) Wage Inequality by Education and Gender in MENA: Contrasting the Egyptian and Moroccan Experiences in the 1990s. In: ERF. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

The 1990s has been a decade of considerable socioeconomic change in the MENA region characterized by adoption of economic liberalization policies and a declining role of the state as an employer in the labor market. This paper explores some of the equity implications of this transition by examining changes in the distribution of returns to education and gender wage premia in the Egypt and Morocco market using joint models of educational choice and wage determination. Selectivity corrected returns to different levels of education indicate that a reduction in the role of the public sector lead to lower returns in the private sector and falling returns over time. Only at the university level, are returns higher in the private sector in Egypt indicating that employers place relatively little value on basic and secondary education. In Morocco there is some evidence of higher returns in the private sector by the end of the 1990, which might be indicative of better matching of educational credentials and productivity differences. Oaxaca-Blinder wages-differentials decompositions of sector and gender wage gap for Egypt and Morocco indicate that the unexplained component in public wage premia and gender gaps have declined in Egypt, but substantially increased in Morocco over the 1990s. Overall, economic liberalization and public sector retrenchment which were much more comprehensive in Morocco appear to have had a more dislocating effect also on labor market wage outcomes. The paper ends with some policy implications and suggests future directions of research in the areas of educational and public sector reform and policies to improve access of women to the private sectors in MENA.

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Details

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Status:	Unpublished
Creators/Authors:	Creators Email Pitt Username ORCID El-Hamidi, Fatma fatma@pitt.edu FATMA Said, Mona
Date:	2005
Date Type:	Publication
Event Title:	ERF
Event Type:	Conference
Institution:	University of Pittsburgh
Schools and Programs:	Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences > Economics Graduate School of Public and International Affairs > Public and International Affairs
Refereed:	No
Date Deposited:	06 Oct 2010 15:16
Last Modified:	25 Aug 2017 05:09
URI:	http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/5761

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