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Feedback Interactions between Dendritic Cells and CD8+ T Cells during the Development of Type-1 Immunity

Watchmaker, Payal (2007) Feedback Interactions between Dendritic Cells and CD8+ T Cells during the Development of Type-1 Immunity. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

CD8+ T cell responses are crucial for immunity against intracellular infections and can mediate tumor regression. While CD8+ T cells are widely recognized as cytolytic effector cells (cytolytic T cells; CTLs), little is known about their immunoregulatory functions and their impact on dendritic cells (DCs). A similar area of controversy is the role of DC in regulating the induction of CD8+ T cell effector functions and CD8+ T cell memory. This dissertation addresses the impact of bidirectional communication between DCs and CD8+ T cells, during different phases of the immune response, upon the functions of both these cell types. In order to reconcile the apparently contrasting notions that CD8+ T cells perform both "suppressor" and "helper" functions, I compared the DC-modulating activity of CD8+ T cells at different stages of activation. I observed that DC-killing and DC-activating (and protective) functions are exerted sequentially by activated CD8+ T cells. In contrast to the effector cells that kill DCs in a granzyme B/perforin-dependent manner, memory CD8+ T cells promote IL-12 production in DCs and support CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Moreover, memory CD8+ T cells instruct DC to over-express granzyme B inhibitor PI-9, protecting them from elimination by CTLs. I observed that the inclusion of "heterologous" CD8+ T cell epitopes in cancer vaccines, promoting the interaction of vaccine-bearing DCs with large numbers of tumor-unrelated CD8+ T cells, strongly enhances the immunologic and therapeutic activity of vaccination against established tumors that are resistant to standard vaccines.Since the character of the vaccination-induced CD8+ T cells is important for the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, I have analyzed the role of DCs in influencing the cytolytic function and peripheral tissue-homing ability of CD8+ T cells. I observed that short-term-activated "inflammatory-type" DCs, capable of producing high levels of IL-12 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, support induction of cytotoxic function and a switch from lymphoid to peripheral chemokine receptors in CD8+ T cells. In contrast, "exhausted" DCs matured for extended periods of time or matured under the influence of the mediators of chronic inflammation, favor CD8+ T cell expansion alone without acquisition of effector functions.Collectively, the findings presented in this dissertation broaden our understanding of the feedback circuitry between CD8+ T cells and DCs and will help us to design improved vaccines against cancer and chronic infections.


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Details

Item Type: University of Pittsburgh ETD
Status: Unpublished
Creators/Authors:
CreatorsEmailPitt UsernameORCID
Watchmaker, Payalpaw7@pitt.eduPAW7
ETD Committee:
TitleMemberEmail AddressPitt UsernameORCID
Committee ChairStorkus, Walter Jstorkuswj@upmc.eduSTORKUSW
Committee CoChairKalinski, Pawelkalinskip@upmc.eduPAK5
Committee MemberDonnenberg, Albert Ddonnenbergad@upmc.eduDONNAL
Committee MemberRinaldo, Charles Rrinaldo@pitt.eduRINALDO
Committee MemberButterfield, Lisa Hbutterfieldl@upmc.eduLHB3
Committee MemberReinhart, Toddreinhar@pitt.eduREINHAR
Date: 16 November 2007
Date Type: Completion
Defense Date: 9 October 2007
Approval Date: 16 November 2007
Submission Date: 12 November 2007
Access Restriction: 5 year -- Restrict access to University of Pittsburgh for a period of 5 years.
Institution: University of Pittsburgh
Schools and Programs: School of Medicine > Immunology
Degree: PhD - Doctor of Philosophy
Thesis Type: Doctoral Dissertation
Refereed: Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords: CCR7; Dendritic cells; TNFalpha; CD8+ T cells; IL-12; PI-9; IFNgamma
Other ID: http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-11122007-204524/, etd-11122007-204524
Date Deposited: 10 Nov 2011 20:04
Last Modified: 19 Dec 2016 14:37
URI: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/9643

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