Toto, Pamela E
(2010)
IMPACT OF A MULTI-COMPONENT EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM FOR SEDENTARY, COMMUNITY-DWELLING, OLDER ADULTS.
Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
(Unpublished)
Abstract
Participation in physical activity is an evidence-based strategy for improving health in older adults. However, less than 30% of older adults engage in any form of regular physical activity. Despite the development of best practice recommendations, the impact of physical activity programs on older adult participation and the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) is not well understood. This dissertation examined best practice programs in relation to ADL performance through a literature review and an intervention study. Our systematic review identified 15 studies on multi-component, group, exercise interventions for community-dwelling older adults. Studies varied greatly in terms of setting, sample size, mode of exercise, length of intervention, and outcomes, and only four studies included all the recommendations of best practice. ADL performance was the least frequently included outcome, supporting the need for additional research. Our pretest, posttest, and post-posttest cohort study evaluated the effects of a 10 week, multi-component, best practice, exercise program on physical activity, ADL performance, physical performance, and depression in community-dwelling, older adults from low-income households (N = 15). Comparison of pretest and posttest scores using a one-tailed paired samples t-test resulted in improvement (p < .05) for 2 of 3 ADL domains on the Activity Measure-Post Acute Care (AM-PAC) and on all 6 physical performance measures of the Senior Fitness Test (SFT), with medium to large effect sizes for all measures. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) yielded no significant change. Physical activity was evaluated at pretest, at 4 weeks posttest, and at 8 weeks post-posttest using the Yale Physical Activity Scale (YPAS). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects for 3 of 8 measures - Total Activity Hours, Total Energy Expenditure, and the Leisurely Walking Index. Post-hoc analysis using the Bonferroni adjustment was significant only for the Leisurely Walking Index from pretest to posttest. Retention rate was 78.9%, and the adherence rate for group sessions was 89.7%. These results suggest that implementation of a multi-component, best practice exercise and physical activity program with sedentary, community-dwelling older adults may be well tolerated and may positively impact physical activity, ADL performance, and physical performance.
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Details
| Item Type: |
University of Pittsburgh ETD
|
| Status: |
Unpublished |
| Creators/Authors: |
|
| ETD Committee: |
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| Date: |
23 December 2010 |
| Date Type: |
Completion |
| Defense Date: |
30 November 2010 |
| Approval Date: |
23 December 2010 |
| Submission Date: |
6 December 2010 |
| Access Restriction: |
5 year -- Restrict access to University of Pittsburgh for a period of 5 years. |
| Institution: |
University of Pittsburgh |
| Schools and Programs: |
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences > Rehabilitation Science |
| Degree: |
PhD - Doctor of Philosophy |
| Thesis Type: |
Doctoral Dissertation |
| Refereed: |
Yes |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: |
AM-PAC; Senior Fitness Test; Yale Physical Activity Scale |
| Other ID: |
http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-12062010-113705/, etd-12062010-113705 |
| Date Deposited: |
10 Nov 2011 20:08 |
| Last Modified: |
15 Nov 2016 13:53 |
| URI: |
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/10113 |
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