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LEADERSHIP, CRISIS AND POLITICAL CHANGE: THE END OF THE FORMATIVE PERIOD IN THE NEPEÑA VALLEY, PERU

IKEHARA TSUKAYAMA, HUGO C. (2015) LEADERSHIP, CRISIS AND POLITICAL CHANGE: THE END OF THE FORMATIVE PERIOD IN THE NEPEÑA VALLEY, PERU. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

This research focuses on the transformation of political leadership in the North Coast of Peru. Specifically, it explores how crises create contexts in which existing leadership structures weaken, giving scope to the development of alternative, even competing, modes of authority and power.
This dissertation presents a multi-scalar analytical approach, at levels ranging from the community to the regional, of demographic, political, and socioeconomic changes following the disintegration of the Cupisnique-Chavín Religious Complex (750-500 B.C.) in the Nepeña Middle Valley. This loss of an overarching ideology and social order can be construed as a cultural crisis. The fieldwork on which this study is based consisted of a full coverage pedestrian regional survey of 87.8 km2 of territory, and was followed by a GIS (Geographic Information System)-based reconstruction and analysis of demography, economic organization, resources, ceremonial architecture and warfare.
After 500 B.C., the survey area saw explosive population growth, multiple supra-local communities were formed, and leadership was constituted in a varied of ways. Several new power and authority bases, such as control of access to ritual spaces, dominance of certain craft production, population nucleation, and war leadership made their appearance during the Final Formative Period. During the following period, as part of a second crisis in the form of a dramatic demographic collapse, some leading households consolidated power bases, including dominance of irrigation systems and long-distance exchange networks in exotics, allowed their districts to exercise hegemony in the survey zone. These findings make it possible to explore the causes and importance of the multiple factors shaping societal outcomes in dealing with each crisis, from both agency and evolutionary perspectives.

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Details

Item Type: University of Pittsburgh ETD
Status: Unpublished
Creators/Authors:
CreatorsEmailPitt UsernameORCID
IKEHARA TSUKAYAMA, HUGO C.hugoikehara@hotmail.com
ETD Committee:
TitleMemberEmail AddressPitt UsernameORCID
Committee ChairBermann, Marc P.bermarc@pitt.eduBERMARC
Committee MemberArkush, Elizabetharkush@pitt.eduARKUSH
Committee MemberDrennan, Robert D.drennan@pitt.eduDRENNAN
Committee MemberFrechione, John jfrech@pitt.edu JFRECH
Committee Memberde Montmollin, Olivierolly@pitt.eduOLLY
Date: 19 June 2015
Date Type: Publication
Defense Date: 6 February 2015
Approval Date: 19 June 2015
Submission Date: 13 April 2015
Access Restriction: No restriction; Release the ETD for access worldwide immediately.
Number of Pages: 361
Institution: University of Pittsburgh
Schools and Programs: Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences > Anthropology
Degree: PhD - Doctor of Philosophy
Thesis Type: Doctoral Dissertation
Refereed: Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords: Leadership Central Andes Formative Chiefdoms Social Change Crisis
Date Deposited: 19 Jun 2015 19:58
Last Modified: 15 Nov 2016 14:27
URI: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/24818

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