Ball, Taylor
(2016)
Effect of Influenza vaccination on outcome of hospitalized adults: case control study.
Master's Thesis, University of Pittsburgh.
(Unpublished)
Abstract
Background: Influenza is a respiratory illness caused by three different viruses: type A, B, or C. Influenza has a large impact on morbidity and mortality globally with an estimated attack rate at 5-10% in adults and 20-30% in children. The Influenza vaccine is the most effective way to prevent Influenza. The purpose of this epidemiologic study is to determine the efficacy of the Influenza vaccines administered between 2013 and 2015, and to address public misconceptions concerning the safety of the vaccine.
Methods: This case control study of adult patients took place at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Mercy Hospital. The study included 306 adult patients with respiratory illnesses who were admitted to the hospital during 2013-2015 Influenza seasons. Of these admitted patients, 206 tested positive for Influenza while the other 100 patients tested negative and therefore served as case controls. Data on each patient were collected via medical records, which included vaccination status, demographics such as gender, and outcomes such as length of stay. The data were statistically analyzed using SAS v 9.3 software.
Results: Among Influenza positive cases during the 2013-2014 Influenza season, 34.4% were vaccinated and 55.6% were between the ages 51 and 79. Among Influenza positive cases during the 2014-2015 season, 64.6% were vaccinated and 57% were between the ages 51 and 79. Among Influenza negative cases during both Influenza seasons, 66.7% were vaccinated and 56.3% were between the ages 51 and 79. Importantly, as a general finding, those patients who received Influenza vaccination prior to admission were significantly less likely to have Influenza (p = 0.0132). Patients who were vaccinated prior to admission were statistically significantly older (p = 0.0001) and had higher comorbidity scores (p = 0.0001).
Conclusions: Influenza vaccination significantly reduces the rate of Influenza positivity among inpatients. Patients who are older and have higher comorbidity scores are more likely to be vaccinated. The Influenza vaccine is significant to public health because it is cost effective and reduces hospitalizations and mortality due to Influenza. This information can be used to educate patients and health care workers about the Influenza vaccine and its benefits.
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Details
| Item Type: |
University of Pittsburgh ETD
|
| Status: |
Unpublished |
| Creators/Authors: |
|
| ETD Committee: |
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| Date: |
29 June 2016 |
| Date Type: |
Publication |
| Defense Date: |
8 April 2016 |
| Approval Date: |
29 June 2016 |
| Submission Date: |
30 March 2016 |
| Access Restriction: |
No restriction; Release the ETD for access worldwide immediately. |
| Number of Pages: |
44 |
| Institution: |
University of Pittsburgh |
| Schools and Programs: |
School of Public Health > Infectious Diseases and Microbiology |
| Degree: |
MPH - Master of Public Health |
| Thesis Type: |
Master's Thesis |
| Refereed: |
Yes |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: |
Influenza vaccine |
| Date Deposited: |
29 Jun 2016 19:40 |
| Last Modified: |
15 Nov 2016 14:32 |
| URI: |
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/27425 |
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