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Synthesis and Reactions N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes

Bolt, Daniel (2019) Synthesis and Reactions N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

The development of a new method of synthesizing a liquid N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) borane reagent is described, and a survey of reactivity is completed to demonstrate its effectiveness as a reagent in organic synthesis. In addition, new radical and ionic reactions to prepare novel substituted NHC-boranes are studied.

Chapter 1 describes the preparation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene borane (BuMe-Imd-BH3), a liquid NHC-borane from readily-available materials. The facile synthesis of this reagent is accomplished via a solvent-free reaction of a commercially-available ionic liquid precursor with sodium borohydride, followed by filtration through a silica plug. A survey of radical and ionic reactions showed that the BuMe-Imd-BH3 reagent is a capable reagent in organic synthesis as a radical hydrogen donor and as a hydride donating reducing agent. We also demonstrate that BuMe-Imd-BH3 can participate in rhodium-catalyzed B–H insertion reactions and can be used to access Suzuki-Miyaura chemistry.

Chapter 2 describes the preparation of NHC-boryl oxalates, which are themselves ligated forms of 1,3,2-dioxaborolane-4,5-dione, an unreported heterocycle. NHC-boryl oxalates are formed via direct reaction of NHC-boranes and oxalic acid in acetonitrile. X-ray crystallography confirmed our proposed structure of a cyclic oxalate species bound to boron. We showed that other organic diacids were unable to produce isolable products upon reaction with NHC-boranes, with the exception of phthalic acid, which produced an NHC-boryl phthalate product. The NHC-boryl oxalates can participate in electrophilic fluorination reactions with Selectfluor and rhodium-catalyzed B–H insertion reactions, producing novel substituted NHC-boryl oxalate products.

In Chapter 3, the reaction of NHC-boranes with dibenzoyl peroxide (DBP) and radical initiators is studied. NHC-boranes and benzoyl peroxide are generally not mutually stable, and the addition of DBP to an NHC-borane causes ionic benzoyloxylation, forming NHC-boryl benzoate products. We found that the inclusion of a radical initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or di-tert-butyl hyponitrite (TBHN) increases the rate of the benzoyloxylation reaction, and the use of TBHN results in di-benzoyloxylated NHC-borane products. After examining possible mechanisms for this transformation, we hypothesized that NHC-boranes can react with benzoic acid when a radical initiator is included. Indeed, reactions of NHC-boranes with carboxylic acids and radical initiators gave NHC-boryl carboxylate products.


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Details

Item Type: University of Pittsburgh ETD
Status: Unpublished
Creators/Authors:
CreatorsEmailPitt UsernameORCID
Bolt, Danieldab187@pitt.edudab1870000-0003-2180-8415
ETD Committee:
TitleMemberEmail AddressPitt UsernameORCID
Committee ChairCurran, Denniscurran@pitt.edu
Committee MemberFloreancig, Paulflorean@pitt.edu
Committee MemberKoide, Kazunorikoide@pitt.edu
Committee MemberFullerton, Susanfullerton@pitt.edu
Date: 25 September 2019
Date Type: Publication
Defense Date: 22 April 2019
Approval Date: 25 September 2019
Submission Date: 18 July 2019
Access Restriction: No restriction; Release the ETD for access worldwide immediately.
Number of Pages: 119
Institution: University of Pittsburgh
Schools and Programs: Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences > Chemistry
Degree: PhD - Doctor of Philosophy
Thesis Type: Doctoral Dissertation
Refereed: Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords: boryl oxalate, fluorination, insertion, NHC-boranes, N-heterocyclic carbene boranes
Date Deposited: 25 Sep 2019 15:22
Last Modified: 25 Sep 2019 15:22
URI: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/37134

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