Emotional Intimate Partner Violence and Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Literature ReviewKunsak, Hannah (2024) Emotional Intimate Partner Violence and Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Literature Review. Master Essay, University of Pittsburgh.
AbstractIntroduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is abuse or aggression that occurs within a romantic relationship. IPV includes physical violence (PV), sexual violence (SV), and emotional violence (EV), and stalking. Among the forms that IPV takes, studies have shown that EV is the most common type. Previous reviews have examined the impact of overall IPV, PV, and SV on adverse birth outcomes but not on EV. The objective of this literature review was to synthesize associations between EV as a subtype of IPV with adverse birth outcomes and critically review the strengths of associations that may impact future interventions and birth outcome guidelines. Methods: A literature search was conducted using OVID Medline and Elsevier Embase databases. The search yielded 110 titles and abstracts that were then screened for full-text review. A total of 78 titles and abstracts were excluded upon screening, leaving 32 articles selected for full-text review. In total, 22 articles were excluded upon full-text review, resulting in 10 articles included. Results: Of the 6 studies that examined the association between EV and LBW, 4 studies showed a positive association and 2 showed no association. Of the 5 studies that examined the association between EV and PTB, 3 showed a positive association, and 2 showed no association. Of the 5 studies that examined the association between EV and stillbirth, 4 showed a positive association, and 1 showed a negative association. One study examined the association between EV and congenital abnormalities, and it showed a positive association. Conclusions: This review highlights a gap in existing literature on IPV and birth outcomes and underlines an array of adverse birth outcomes associated with EV. Findings suggest there is urgent need for EV and IPV surveillance among pregnant women. Additionally, interventions should include a focus on EV and not just IPV as an overall exposure. The findings of this review are significant to public health because they support the notion that EV and other IPV forms contribute to adverse birth outcomes and should be accounted for when making IPV policy and intervention decisions and in clinical settings where adverse birth outcomes may arise. Share
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