A framework for intelligent crowdsourced enforcement of access rights in shared spectrum networksDas, Debarun (2024) A framework for intelligent crowdsourced enforcement of access rights in shared spectrum networks. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh. (Unpublished)
AbstractTraditional spectrum allocation policy statically grants spectrum bands to licensed primary users for exclusive access. Such a policy prevents non-primary users from accessing these spectrum bands, even when they are idle. As a result, licensed frequency bands remain underutilized for extended periods of time. The exponential increase in utilization of wireless services, however, has led to a growing demand for spectrum use. The need to address spectrum scarcity in the public domain has spurred the exploration of spectrum-sharing strategies to optimize spectrum utilization. In response, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced the establishment of the Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) to facilitate shared federal and non-federal use of the 3550-3700 MHz band, which allows unlicensed secondary users to opportunistically access licensed spectrum bands when they are idle. While spectrum sharing improves spectrum utilization, it also introduces the risk of illegitimate access to licensed spectrum. This gave rise to the need for effective access rights enforcement in shared spectrum networks. It is to be noted that timing is paramount to the applicability of spectrum enforcement, depending on whether it is applied either before or after a potentially harmful action has occurred. The former enforcement is referred to as ex-ante, while the latter is referred to as ex-post. The focus of this dissertation is on ex-post spectrum access rights enforcement, an important component of the CBRS framework. To achieve effective ex-post enforcement, two fundamental requirements must be addressed: (i) coverage of the area of enforcement and (ii) accurate and robust detection of spectrum access violations. This dissertation develops a framework and related protocols to address the ex-post spectrum enforcement problem while fulfilling the two requirements. The main contributions of the dissertation are the development of (i) a shared spectrum enforcement architecture, focused on a volunteer-based crowdsourced approach to achieve cost-effective and scalable spectrum monitoring and misuse detection; (ii) a methodology, that harnesses variants of the Secretary and Stable Matching algorithms, for effective selection of spectrum monitoring volunteers to ensure successful and comprehensive enforcement of spectrum access rights across the spectrum enforcement area. The selected volunteers are assigned to coverage regions based on their qualifications, as reflected by their reputation and the likelihood of their availability in a coverage region for an extended monitoring time interval; iii) a novel spectrum sampling scheme to enable accurate and robust detection of access violations, which takes into consideration the dynamically changing aspects of the volunteers' monitoring capabilities and behaviors and the intruders' misuse strategies; iv) a Machine Learning-based framework to predict volunteers' future locations and a method to estimate the sojourn time of a volunteer within a specific region. An extensive analysis and assessment of the proposed framework's main components demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of the methodologies used to achieve ex-post enforcement of spectrum access rights, in a scalable and cost-effective manner. Share
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