Dilinika, J.M.Shalani
(2025)
Impact of Prior Knowledge on Student Learning: A Narrative Review.
Impact of Prior Knowledge on Student Learning: A Narrative Review.
(Unpublished)
Abstract
In a learning environment, prior knowledge refers to the knowledge that learners already possess before acquiring new information on a particular topic. Prior knowledge can either support or hinder the learning process. However, inaccurate prior knowledge can be detrimental to learners' ability to acquire new information because it can create misconceptions. This paper aims to review the impact of prior knowledge on student learning, discussing its importance and challenges, and further aims to suggest instructional strategies that educators can employ to help students activate prior knowledge while addressing misconceptions. Accordingly, strategies such as promoting meaningful learning, knowledge retrieval exercises, narrowing the gap between what instructors expect and what students know (knowledge base), and facilitating culturally responsive resources were discussed as key strategies that can be instrumental in the accurate activation of prior knowledge and in addressing misconceptions, ensuring that prior knowledge functions as a foundation for deeper understanding rather than a barrier to new knowledge acquisition.
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