McCarthy, Valerie Nicole
(2008)
COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF CHEMICAL SYSTEMS: I. A THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF CLATHRATE HYDRATESII. CONFORMATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACE OF TRYPTAMINE.
Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
(Unpublished)
Abstract
Hydrogen clathrates have recently been discovered and considered as storage medium for H2. Hydrogen forms a Type II clathrate structure, with a small and large cage. Multiple guest hydrogen molecules can occupy both cages (up to two in the small cage and four in the large cage), although the number of hydrogen molecules occupying the small cage has been a source of debate in the literature. The goal of this work has been to develop a polarizable force field for use in molecular dynamics simulations of hydrogen clathrates. The resulting force field has been coded in the DLPOLY package and simulations of the system as a function of the number of guest hydrogen molecules have been performed. The development of the force field, and the results of the simulations are discussed.In order for a clathrate structure to form, a 'guest' molecule must be present under ideal conditions. That is, water does not form a so-called 'self' hydrate. In order to elucidate the factors responsible for clathrate formation, emph{ab initio} calculations were performed on (H2O)$_{21}$ and (H2O)$_{20}$*H2S clusters. The results of these calculations have provided insight into why water does not form a self hydrate.Stimulated emission pumping experiments done by the Zwier group have established bounds on the low energy isomerization barriers between specific minima of tryptamine. In order to identify the low energy isomerization pathways, the Becke3LYP and RI-MP2 methods were used to characterize the low-energy minima and the transition states of tryptamine. In general there is good agreement between theory and experiment, but for a subset of the isomerization processes, the calculations give significantly higher barriers than deduced from experiment. Possible causes of this discrepancy are discussed.
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Details
| Item Type: |
University of Pittsburgh ETD
|
| Status: |
Unpublished |
| Creators/Authors: |
| Creators | Email | Pitt Username | ORCID  |
|---|
| McCarthy, Valerie Nicole | vam2@pitt.edu | VAM2 | |
|
| ETD Committee: |
|
| Date: |
16 June 2008 |
| Date Type: |
Completion |
| Defense Date: |
10 January 2008 |
| Approval Date: |
16 June 2008 |
| Submission Date: |
14 January 2008 |
| Access Restriction: |
No restriction; Release the ETD for access worldwide immediately. |
| Institution: |
University of Pittsburgh |
| Schools and Programs: |
Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences > Chemistry |
| Degree: |
PhD - Doctor of Philosophy |
| Thesis Type: |
Doctoral Dissertation |
| Refereed: |
Yes |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: |
clathrate; molecular dynamics; tryptamine |
| Other ID: |
http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-01142008-181522/, etd-01142008-181522 |
| Date Deposited: |
10 Nov 2011 19:31 |
| Last Modified: |
15 Nov 2016 13:36 |
| URI: |
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/6286 |
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