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n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Vitamin D related to Subclinical Atherosclerois in the ERA-Jump Study

Lee, Sunghee (2011) n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Vitamin D related to Subclinical Atherosclerois in the ERA-Jump Study. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is of public health significance due to its highest rates of mortality. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular events can often result in fatal or disabling non-fatal events. More than half of CHD fatal events do not show earlier symptoms. Early identification of subclinical atherosclerosis and establishment of preventive control are important to reduce CHD mortality and morbidity. The present study aimed to examine: 1) whether n-6 fatty acids are inversely associated with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibrinogen; 2) whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis; and 3) whether Japanese men have lower incidence or progression of CAC than Caucasian men, and further if marine n-3 fatty acids are inversely associated with incidence or progression of CAC. To test these aims, the Electron-Beam Tomography, Risk Factor Assessment among Japanese and U.S. Men in Post-World War II Birth Cohort (ERA-JUMP) study was utilized.The findings were: 1) in a population-based cross-sectional-sample of 915 men aged 40-49, serum n-6 fatty acids were inversely and significantly associated with PAI-1 but not with fibrinogen; 2) in 295 middle-aged men of a population-based cross-sectional sample, Japanese men showed lower levels of serum vitamin D, despite their habitual fish intake as a major dietary intake, than Caucasian or Japanese-American men. Further, vitamin D deficiency was not associated with subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by intima-media thickness (IMT) and CAC, except for significant associations on IMT in a univariate model among Caucasian men, and on CAC in both univariate and multivariate models among Japanese-American men; and 3) in the follow-up study of 472 men, Japanese men had a significantly lower incidence and progression of CAC than Caucasian men. Japanese men showed significant risk reduction on incident CAC associated with marine n-3 PUFA. However, Japanese and Caucasian men showed no significant associations of marine n-3 PUFA on the progression of CAC. Future studies to examine the causal associations as well as underlying mechanisms are warranted. From the public health importance, these findings extend our understanding of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D related to subclinical atherosclerosis as well as help to establish public health guidelines.


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Details

Item Type: University of Pittsburgh ETD
Status: Unpublished
Creators/Authors:
CreatorsEmailPitt UsernameORCID
Lee, SungheeL.sunghee@gmail.com
ETD Committee:
TitleMemberEmail AddressPitt UsernameORCID
Committee ChairSekikawa, Akiraakira@pitt.eduAKIRA
Committee MemberEdmundowicz, DanielEdmuD@upmc.edu
Committee MemberBarinas-Mitch, Emmabarinas@edc.pitt.eduEJB4
Committee MemberTalbott, Evelyn Oeot1@pitt.eduEOT1
Committee MemberEvans, Rhobert WEvansR@edc.pitt.eduRWE2
Date: 31 January 2011
Date Type: Completion
Defense Date: 2 November 2010
Approval Date: 31 January 2011
Submission Date: 30 November 2010
Access Restriction: 5 year -- Restrict access to University of Pittsburgh for a period of 5 years.
Institution: University of Pittsburgh
Schools and Programs: School of Public Health > Epidemiology
Degree: PhD - Doctor of Philosophy
Thesis Type: Doctoral Dissertation
Refereed: Yes
Uncontrolled Keywords: fatty acids; subclinical atherosclerosis
Other ID: http://etd.library.pitt.edu/ETD/available/etd-11302010-142354/, etd-11302010-142354
Date Deposited: 10 Nov 2011 20:07
Last Modified: 15 Nov 2016 13:52
URI: http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/9893

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