Moody, Anne
(2014)
EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN WEIGHT, BODY COMPOSITION, FITNESS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON AORTIC PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN OVERWEIGHT AN OBESE ADULTS.
Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
(Unpublished)
Abstract
Vascular adaptations, such as arterial stiffness, have been established as precursors to cardiovascular outcomes, such as hypertension, stroke, and heart failure. Arterial stiffness of the aorta is elevated in conditions of obesity, specifically abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, and low cardiorespiratory fitness. Standard behavioral weight loss interventions often promote weight management through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity. Whether increased physical activity and related gains in fitness have independent or additive effects with weight loss on aortic stiffness remains unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the overall and independent effects of changes in overall and abdominal obesity, fitness, and physical activity within a standard behavioral weight loss intervention on carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. METHODS: Eighty three (N=83) overweight and obese adults (age 44.5 ± 8.1 years; BMI 32.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2) completed 6-months of a standard behavioral weight loss intervention. Aortic, or, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was assessed by applanation tonometry, abdominal obesity by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), objective moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by BodyMedia SenseWearPro armband (Pittsburgh, PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness by graded exercise testing. RESULTS: After 6 months, cfPWV, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, total body fat, and abdominal fat significantly decreased, while VO2peak significantly increased (all p<0.000). Change in VO2peak marginally predicted change in cfPWV, independent of changes in body weight and abdominal fat (p=0.045). Changes in MVPA variables were not predictive of changes in cfPWV (all p>0.1). Changes in body weight, abdominal fat, and all other obesity variables were not associated with changes in cfPWV (all p<0.1) CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that improvements in fitness, and not adiposity, were important for decreasing cfPWV. These results highlight the potential importance of targeting fitness in lifestyle interventions to reduce the elevated cardiovascular risk observed in sedentary and overweight or obese populations.
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| Item Type: |
University of Pittsburgh ETD
|
| Status: |
Unpublished |
| Creators/Authors: |
|
| ETD Committee: |
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| Date: |
30 September 2014 |
| Date Type: |
Publication |
| Defense Date: |
23 July 2014 |
| Approval Date: |
30 September 2014 |
| Submission Date: |
25 August 2014 |
| Access Restriction: |
No restriction; Release the ETD for access worldwide immediately. |
| Number of Pages: |
99 |
| Institution: |
University of Pittsburgh |
| Schools and Programs: |
School of Education > Health and Physical Activity |
| Degree: |
PhD - Doctor of Philosophy |
| Thesis Type: |
Doctoral Dissertation |
| Refereed: |
Yes |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: |
pulse wave velocity, physical activity, obesity |
| Date Deposited: |
30 Sep 2014 15:10 |
| Last Modified: |
15 Nov 2016 14:22 |
| URI: |
http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/id/eprint/22520 |
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